Charles Dickens’ “Great Expectations” is a novel that has captivated readers for over a century. It tells the story of Pip, a young orphan who dreams of becoming a gentleman, and the various people and events that shape his life. This article aims to unlock the promise of “Great Expectations” by critically analyzing the novel’s themes, characters, and social commentary.
Themes of Ambition and Aspiration
One of the central themes of “Great Expectations” is ambition and the pursuit of social status. Pip’s initial aspirations are modest; he dreams of becoming a blacksmith like his brother Joe. However, the discovery of his benefactor and the promise of wealth and status transform his life. This newfound ambition leads him to reject his roots and pursue a life of elegance and sophistication.
The Downside of Ambition
Despite its allure, ambition can be a destructive force. Pip’s obsession with becoming a gentleman leads him to neglect his relationships with those who truly care about him, such as Joe Gargery and Herbert Pocket. The pursuit of status also creates a rift between Pip and Estella, the woman he loves, as their differing social backgrounds become insurmountable barriers.
Character Analysis
Pip
Pip is the protagonist of the novel and his journey is at the heart of “Great Expectations.” He embodies the theme of ambition and its consequences, as well as the struggle between his heart and his head. Pip’s development from a naive and innocent boy to a man who is disillusioned and haunted by his past is a compelling narrative.
Joe Gargery
Joe Gargery, Pip’s brother-in-law and mentor, represents the humble, honest, and kind-hearted working class. His unwavering loyalty to Pip and his steadfast nature stand in stark contrast to Pip’s own pursuit of status. Joe’s character serves as a reminder of the moral and ethical values that Pip has abandoned in his quest for wealth and social status.
Estella
Estella, the daughter of Miss Havisham, is a complex character whose beauty and coldness mask a deep sadness. Her relationship with Pip is one of the most poignant in the novel, as their shared history and contrasting backgrounds create a love that is never meant to be.
Social Commentary
“Great Expectations” is a novel that is rich in social commentary. Dickens explores the class divide of 19th-century England and the consequences of social mobility. The novel highlights the struggles of the working class and the privileges afforded to the upper class.
The Inequality of Wealth and Status
The novel depicts the stark differences between the rich and the poor, illustrating the inequalities that existed during the Victorian era. The contrast between Miss Havisham’s opulent mansion and the Gargerys’ modest cottage serves as a powerful reminder of the social hierarchy.
The Corruption of the Legal System
The novel also criticizes the legal system of the time, particularly through the character of Jaggers. Jaggers is a lawyer who is unscrupulous and greedy, using his position to manipulate people for his own gain. This portrayal serves as a commentary on the corruption that could be found within the legal profession.
Conclusion
“Great Expectations” is a novel that offers a rich tapestry of themes, characters, and social commentary. Its exploration of ambition, social status, and the consequences of wealth and power continues to resonate with readers today. By critically analyzing the novel, we can unlock the promise of its enduring message: that the pursuit of happiness and fulfillment should never come at the expense of one’s integrity and the well-being of those we love.