Charles Dickens’ “Great Expectations” is a timeless novel that delves into the complexities of the human psyche and the American Dream. This review aims to explore the themes, characters, and narrative techniques employed by Dickens in his portrayal of this dream and its impact on the lives of the characters.
Introduction
“Great Expectations” was first published in 1861 and is considered one of Dickens’ most accomplished works. The novel is set in the early 19th century and follows the life of Pip, a young orphan raised by his sister and her husband. Through a series of events, Pip becomes acquainted with the wealthy Miss Havisham and her ward, Estella, and his life takes a turn that leads him on a quest to uncover his mysterious benefactor and his expectations.
Themes of the American Dream
The American Dream is a central theme in “Great Expectations.” It represents the belief that anyone, regardless of their background, can achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and luck. Dickens explores this theme through various characters and situations:
Pip’s Transformation
Pip’s transformation from a humble orphan to a gentleman is a quintessential example of the American Dream. His newfound wealth and status change his outlook on life, his relationships, and his sense of self-worth. However, this transformation also leads to a loss of his identity and a sense of emptiness.
Miss Havisham’s Dream
Miss Havisham is another character whose dreams are closely tied to the American Dream. She was once a beautiful and wealthy woman, but her life took a tragic turn when her fiancé abandoned her at the altar. In an attempt to avenge him, she raises Estella to be beautiful and cold-hearted, hoping she will break the hearts of men like her fiancé. Miss Havisham’s dream is to see Estella become the woman who can finally bring her happiness.
The Dream’s Corruption
Despite its allure, the American Dream is not without its dark side. Dickens portrays the corruption that can arise from the pursuit of wealth and status. The characters who achieve their dreams often do so at the expense of their morality and relationships. This theme is evident in the lives of characters like Jaggers and Compeyson, who are driven by greed and ambition.
Characters
“Great Expectations” is rich in memorable characters, each contributing to the novel’s exploration of the American Dream:
Pip
Pip is the protagonist of the novel and his journey is the central focus. He is a kind-hearted, idealistic young man who is initially naive but gradually becomes more complex and self-aware.
Miss Havisham
Miss Havisham is a fascinating character whose tragic past shapes her actions and decisions. She is both a symbol of the American Dream and its corruption.
Estella
Estella is Miss Havisham’s ward and the object of Pip’s affection. Her beauty and coldness are used to manipulate the men around her, reflecting the dark side of the American Dream.
Jaggers
Jaggers is a lawyer who represents the cold, calculating aspect of the American Dream. He is driven by wealth and power, and his actions often have tragic consequences.
Narrative Techniques
Dickens employs various narrative techniques to enhance the novel’s exploration of the American Dream:
Flashbacks
Flashbacks are used to reveal the past events that shape the characters’ lives and their pursuit of the American Dream. These flashbacks provide depth to the characters and their motivations.
Irony
Irony is a prevalent device in “Great Expectations.” The irony of Pip’s expectations being dashed and Miss Havisham’s dreams being corrupted serves to highlight the complexities of the American Dream.
Symbolism
Symbolism is used to represent the American Dream and its impact on the characters. For example, the river Thames symbolizes the journey that Pip takes in his pursuit of his dreams.
Conclusion
“Great Expectations” is a compelling novel that delves into the complexities of the American Dream. Through its rich characters, intricate plot, and thought-provoking themes, Dickens provides readers with a nuanced understanding of the dream’s allure and its dark side. The novel remains a timeless exploration of the human pursuit of happiness and success.