Xi’an, the ancient capital of China, is a city steeped in history and rich in cultural heritage. Known as the Eastern Capital during the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an has been a melting pot of cultures and civilizations for over 3,000 years. This guide will take you on a journey through some of the city’s most hidden treasures, offering insights into its fascinating past.
The Terracotta Army
One of the most iconic symbols of Xi’an is the Terracotta Army, a collection of life-sized terracotta soldiers and horses buried with the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. Discovered in 1974 by local farmers, the army is a testament to the grandeur of the Qin Dynasty and the meticulous craftsmanship of ancient Chinese artisans.
Discovery and Preservation
- Discovery: The Terracotta Army was discovered by farmers digging a well near the mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shi Huang in 1974.
- Preservation: The Chinese government has invested heavily in preserving the site, constructing a large museum over the excavated pits to protect the artifacts from environmental damage.
The Soldiers
- Composition: The army consists of approximately 8,000 soldiers, each with unique facial features and expressions, reflecting the diversity of the Chinese population at the time.
- Arms and Equipment: Soldiers are equipped with various weapons, including swords, spears, bows, and arrows, as well as armor and helmets.
The Horses and Chariots
- Horses: There are also more than 500 life-sized horses, some of which are pulling chariots.
- Chariots: The chariots are intricately designed and equipped with real wheels, showing the advanced level of technology during the Qin Dynasty.
The Ancient City Wall
Xi’an’s city wall is one of the oldest and best-preserved city walls in China. Built in the 13th century during the Ming Dynasty, the wall is a stunning example of ancient military architecture.
Construction and Features
- Construction: The wall is made of夯土（rammed earth）and measures 13.7 kilometers in length.
- Features: The wall is fortified with watchtowers, battlements, and gates, and is surrounded by a moat.
The South Gate
- The South Gate: The South Gate is the most prominent and well-preserved gate, featuring intricate carvings and traditional Chinese architectural design.
- The South Gate Museum: The museum showcases the history of the wall and the city, with exhibits on the construction and cultural significance of the wall.
The Great Mosque of Xi’an
The Great Mosque of Xi’an is one of the oldest and most significant Islamic sites in China. Built in the 8th century, the mosque is a blend of Islamic and Chinese architectural styles.
Islamic Architecture
- Architectural Style: The mosque combines Chinese architectural elements, such as upturned eaves and red columns, with Islamic architectural features like the minaret and prayer hall.
- The Prayer Hall: The prayer hall is the largest in China, with a capacity of 10,000 worshippers.
Cultural Significance
- Historical Role: The mosque has been a significant religious and cultural center for the Muslim community in Xi’an throughout history.
- Cultural Exchange: The mosque has also played a role in promoting cultural exchange between China and the Islamic world.
The Muslim Quarter
The Muslim Quarter, located near the Great Mosque, is a bustling neighborhood known for its vibrant street food, traditional shops, and Islamic culture.
Street Food
- Street Food: The Muslim Quarter is famous for its delicious street food, including lamb kebabs, hand-pulled noodles, and sweet pastries.
- Food Markets: The area is home to several food markets, offering a variety of local and international dishes.
Traditional Shops
- Traditional Shops: The quarter is filled with shops selling Islamic artifacts, spices, and traditional Chinese goods.
Conclusion
Xi’an is a city brimming with history and culture, offering a glimpse into ancient China’s hidden treasures. From the Terracotta Army to the Great Mosque, the city’s rich heritage continues to captivate visitors from around the world.