Xi’an, the ancient capital of China, is a city steeped in history and rich in cultural heritage. Known as the “Eastern Rome” due to its strategic importance in ancient times, Xi’an has been a melting pot of cultures and civilizations for over 3,000 years. This guide will take you on a journey through some of the hidden treasures of Xi’an, showcasing the city’s vibrant past and its enduring legacy.

The Terracotta Army: A Guardian of the First Emperor

One of the most famous attractions in Xi’an is the Terracotta Army, a collection of life-sized terracotta soldiers and horses buried with the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, to protect him in the afterlife. Discovered in 1974 by local farmers, this archaeological site has revealed thousands of intricate figures, each unique in their expression and posture.

Historical Significance

The Terracotta Army was created during the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC) and is a testament to the meticulous craftsmanship of ancient Chinese artisans. The figures represent the emperor’s army, which he believed would accompany him into the afterlife to protect his tomb.

Technical Details

  • Construction: The soldiers were made using a clay mold technique, with each figure having unique facial features and armor.
  • Materials: The figures were painted with vibrant colors, although most of the original paint has faded over time.

Visiting the Site

  • Location: The Terracotta Army is located about 1.5 kilometers east of the city center.
  • Hours: The site is open daily from 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM (April to October) and 8:30 AM to 4:30 PM (November to March).
  • Tickets: Entry tickets cost approximately 150 RMB for adults.

The Great Mosque of Xi’an: A Muslim Spiritual Center

The Great Mosque of Xi’an is one of the oldest and most significant Islamic sites in China. Built in the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), the mosque has been a place of worship for Muslims for over a millennium.

Architectural Wonders

The mosque’s architecture is a blend of Chinese and Islamic styles, with a central dome and minarets that resemble traditional Chinese pagodas. The mosque’s courtyard is a serene space, with a large prayer hall and a tranquil pond.

Historical Background

  • Construction: The mosque was built during the reign of the Tang Dynasty Emperor Taizong.
  • Cultural Significance: The mosque has been a hub for cultural exchange between China and the Islamic world.

Visiting the Mosque

  • Location: The Great Mosque is located in the Muslim Quarter of Xi’an’s city center.
  • Hours: The mosque is open daily from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM.
  • Visiting Tips: It is important to dress modestly and remove shoes before entering the prayer hall.

The City Wall: A Fortified History

The Xi’an City Wall is the largest and most well-preserved ancient city wall in China. Built in the Tang Dynasty, the wall encircles the old city and offers a unique opportunity to experience the city’s history.

Historical Context

The wall was originally built to protect the city from invasions and is a testament to the ingenuity of ancient Chinese engineers. Over the centuries, the wall has been expanded and restored, making it a significant historical landmark.

Technical Details

  • Dimensions: The wall is approximately 12 meters high and 14 meters wide at the base.
  • Length: The wall is about 13.7 kilometers long.

Visiting the Wall

  • Location: The wall runs around the old city center of Xi’an.
  • Hours: The wall is open daily from 8:00 AM to 10:00 PM.
  • Activities: Visitors can walk, cycle, or even take a horse-drawn carriage along the wall.

The Muslim Quarter: A Cultural Market

The Muslim Quarter is a bustling neighborhood in Xi’an’s city center, known for its vibrant street markets and traditional Islamic architecture. This area is a great place to experience the city’s diverse culture and cuisine.

Market Highlights

The market offers a variety of goods, from spices and teas to traditional Chinese medicines and handicrafts. Visitors can also sample local snacks, such as lamb kebabs and spicy noodles.

Cultural Insights

  • Architecture: The buildings in the Muslim Quarter are a mix of Chinese and Islamic styles, showcasing the city’s rich cultural heritage.
  • Cuisine: The Muslim Quarter is famous for its street food, offering a taste of Xi’an’s diverse culinary scene.

Visiting the Market

  • Location: The Muslim Quarter is located in the city center, near the Great Mosque.
  • Hours: The market is open daily from early morning until late afternoon.

Conclusion

Xi’an is a city that offers a treasure trove of historical sites and cultural experiences. From the awe-inspiring Terracotta Army to the serene Great Mosque, this ancient city has much to offer visitors. By exploring these hidden treasures, you can gain a deeper understanding of China’s rich past and its enduring legacy.